Exotics

Florida's Exotic Wildlife: status for 31 Mammal species

Estimated trend in populations

• 2 species are expanding,
• 4 species are stable,
• 1 species are declining,
• 20 species have unknown population levels, and
• 4 species have no current population

Breeding status

• 20 species have been breeding at least 10 years (but not necessarily consecutive years).,
• 1 are less than 10 years, and
• 10 species are not reported breeding in the wild in Florida

Established status

• 18 Established: Populations are confirmed breeding and apparently self-sustaining for 10 or more consecutive years.,
• 1 Species are present and breeding but for less than 10 years.,
• 6 Species are present but not confirmed to be breeding. Population persists only with repeated introductions and/or escapes of individuals.,
• 2 Species have populations whose status is unknown., and
• 4 Species were formerly present in Florida, but are no longer present.

Distribution range

• 9 species occur statewide,
• 4 species occur in 06-10 counties ,
• 8 species occur in 02-05 counties , and
• 10 species occur in 01 counties

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Click on a species Common Name to get details for that species.

Common Name	Scientific name	First year	Breeding status	Established
Armadillo
Nine-banded Armadillo	Dasypus  novemcinctus	1920s	At least 10 years	Established
Bats
Jamacian Fruit-eating Bat	Artibeus  jamaicensis	1983	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Pallas's Mastiff Bat	Molossus  molossus  tropidorhynchus	1929	At least 10 years	Established
Monkeys
Vervet Monkey	Chlorocebus  aethiops	1950s	At least 10 years	Established
Rhesus Monkey	Macaca  mulatta	1930	At least 10 years	Established
Squirrel Monkey	Saimiri  sciureus	1960's	At least 10 years	Established
Carnivores
Feral Dog	Canis  familiaris	Unknown	At least 10 years	Established
Coyote	Canis  latrans	1925	At least 10 years	Established
Feral Cat	Felis  catus	Unknown	At least 10 years	Established
Jaguarundi	Herpailurus  yagouaroundi	1934	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Mongoose	Herpestes  javanicus	1977	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ocelot	Leopardus  pardalis	1958	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Ferret	Mustela  putorius	1970s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
White-nosed Coati	Nasua  narica	1928	At least 10 years	Established
Red Fox	Vulpes  vulpes	1950s	At least 10 years	Established
Deer, Hooved animals
Pronghorn	Antilocarpa  americana	1970s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Feral Goat	Capra  hircus	1960s	At least 10 years	Established
Elk	Cervus  elaphus	1967	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Axis Deer	Cervus  axis	1930s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Sambar Deer	Cervus  unicolor	1908	At least 10 years	Established
Feral Pig	Sus  scrofa	Unknown	At least 10 years	Established
Rodents
Gambian Pouch Rat	Cricetomys  gambianus	2002	Less than 10 years	Potentially Established
Prairie Dog	Cynomys  ludovicianus	1970s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Capybara	Hydrochaeris  hydrochaeris	1990s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
House mouse	Mus  musculus	Unknown	At least 10 years	Established
Nutria	Myocastor  coypus		At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Norway Rat	Rattus  norvegicus	early 1800	At least 10 years	Established
Black Rat	Rattus  rattus	late 1700s	At least 10 years	Established
Mexican Red-bellied Squirrel	Sciurus  aureogaster	1938	At least 10 years	Established
Rabbits
Black-tailed Jackrabbit	Lepus  californicus	1930s	At least 10 years	Established
European Rabbit	Oryctolagus  cuniculus	1877	Not reported breeding	Extirpated

 

 

 

Florida's Exotic Wildlife: status for 196 Bird species

Estimated trend in populations

• 6 species are expanding,
• 4 species are stable,
• 3 species are declining,
• 142 species have unknown population levels, and
• 40 species have no current population

Breeding status

• 48 species have been breeding at least 10 years (but not necessarily consecutive years).,
• 10 are less than 10 years, and
• 136 species are not reported breeding in the wild in Florida

Established status

• 11 Established: Populations are confirmed breeding and apparently self-sustaining for 10 or more consecutive years.,
• 4 Species are present and breeding but for less than 10 years.,
• 83 Species are present but not confirmed to be breeding. Population persists only with repeated introductions and/or escapes of individuals.,
• 62 Species have populations whose status is unknown., and
• 35 Species were formerly present in Florida, but are no longer present.

Distribution range

• 8 species occur statewide,
• 3 species occur in 51-66 counties ,
• 3 species occur in 21-50 counties ,
• 8 species occur in 11-20 counties ,
• 21 species occur in 06-10 counties ,
• 75 species occur in 02-05 counties , and
• 73 species occur in 01 counties

.
Click on a species Common Name to get details for that species.

Common Name	Scientific name	First year	Breeding status	Established
Tinamous
Spotted Nothura	Nothura  maculosa	1966	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Herons, egrets, ibis, spoonbills, and vultures
Abdim's Stork	Ciconia  abdimii	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Wooly-necked Stork	Ciconia  episcopus	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White Stork	Ciconia  ciconia	1993	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Black-necked Stork	Ephippiorhynchus  asiaticus	1974	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Scarlet Ibis	Eudocimus  ruber	1880s	At least 10 years	Potentially Established
Griffon-type Old World Vulture	Gyps  sp.	1977	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
White Spoonbill	Platalea  leucorodia	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
King Vulture	Sarcoramphus  papa	1957	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Sacred ibis	Threskironis  aethiopicus	2000	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Flamingos
Chilean Flamingo	Phoenicopterus  chilensis	1984	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Greater Flamingo	Phoenicopterus  ruber	1930s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Waterfowl
Mandarin Duck	Aix  galericulata	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Egyptian Goose	Alopochen  aegyptiaca	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Spot-billed Duck	Anas  poecilorhyncha	1980s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
White-cheeked Pintail	Anas  bahamensis	1912	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Hottentot Teal	Anas  punctata	1989	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Philippine Duck	Anas  luzonica	2000	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Bar-headed Goose	Anser  indicus	1995	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Bean Goose	Anser  fabalis	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Greylag Goose	Anser  anser	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Swan Goose	Anser  cygnoides	1986	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Muscovy Duck	Cairina  moschata	1967	At least 10 years	Established
Ringed Teal	Callonetta  leucophrys	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Coscoroba Swan	Coscoroba  coscoroba	1993	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Mute Swan	Cygnus  olor	1967	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Whooper Swan	Cygnus  cygnus	1991	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Black Swan	Cygnus  atratus	1961	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
West Indian Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna  arborea	1969	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-faced Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna  viduata	1991	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Orinoco Goose	Neochen  jubatus	1989	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rosy-billed Pochard	Netta  peposaca	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ruddy Shelduck	Tadorna  ferruginea	1970s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Common Shelduck	Tadorna  tadorna	1994	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Osprey, kites, eagles, accipiters, hawks, and falcons
Great Black-Hawk	Buteogallus  urubitinga	1970s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Common Black-Hawk	Buteogallus  anthracinus	1972	Not reported breeding
Hook-billed Kite	Chondrohierax  uncinatus	1991	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Eurasian Kestrel	Falco  tinnunculus	1995	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Crane Hawk	Geranospiza  caerulescens	1972	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Harris' Hawk	Parabuteo  unicinctus	1950s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Grouse, pheasants, and other game birds
Chukar	Alectoris  chukar	1930s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ruffed Grouse	Bonasa  umbellus	1972	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Scaled Quail	Callipepla  squamata	pre-1928	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Golden Pheasant	Chrysolophus  pictus	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red Junglefowl	Gallus  gallus	1966	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Helmeted Guineafowl	Numida  meleagris	1940s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Common Peafowl	Pavo  cristatus	1950s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Ring-necked Pheasant	Phasianus  colchicus	1950s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Cranes, rails, and gallinules
Gray-necked Wood-Rail	Aramides  cajanea	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Gray Crowned Crane	Balearica  regulorum	1960s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Black Crowned Crane	Balearica  pavonia	1999	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Sarus Crane	Grus  antigone	1989	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Purple Swamphen	Porphyrio  porphyrio	1996	Less than 10 years	Potentially Established
Shorebirds, gulls, and terns
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus  chilensis	1950s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Doves and pigeons
Rock Dove	Columba  livia	1966	At least 10 years	Established
Inca Dove	Columbina  inca	1963	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Diamond Dove	Geopelia  cuneata	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Eurasian Collared-Dove	Streptopelia  decaocto	1987	Less than 10 years	Established
Spotted Dove	Streptopelia  chinensis	1975	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Ringed Turtle-Dove	Streptopelia  risoria	1930s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
White-winged Dove	Zenaida  asiatica	1959	At least 10 years	Established
Parrots
Masked Lovebird	Agapornis  personata	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Peach-faced Lovebird	Agapornis  roseicollis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Fischer's Lovebird	Agapornis  fischeri	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Yellow-crowned Parrot	Amazona  ochrocephala	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Orange-winged Parrot	Amazona  amazonica	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Red-crowned Parrot	Amazona  viridigenalis	1970s	At least 10 years	Unknown
White-fronted Parrot	Amazona  albifrons	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Yellow-shouldered Parrot	Amazona  barbadensis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Lilac-crowned Parrot	Amazona  finschi	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Festive Parrot	Amazona  festiva	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Red-spectacled Parrot	Amazona  pretrei	1988	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red-lored Parrot	Amazona  autumnalis	1980	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Mealy Parrot	Amazona  farinosa	1983	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Turquoise-fronted Parrot	Amazona  aestiva	1979	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Yellow-headed Parrot	Amazona  oratrix	1970	At least 10 years	Unknown
Yellow-naped Parrot	Amazona  auropalliata	1970s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Hispaniolan Parrot	Amazona  ventralis	1970s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Hyacinth Macaw	Anodorhynchus  hyacinthinus	1985	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Blue-and-yellow Macaw	Ara  ararauna	1985	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Scarlet Macaw	Ara  macao	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Military Macaw	Ara  militaris	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red-shouldered Macaw	Ara  nobilis	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Chestnut-fronted Macaw	Ara  severa	1981	Less than 10 years	Potentially Established
Yellow-collared Macaw	Ara  auricollis	1981	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Orange-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga  canicularis	1972	Not reported breeding	Extirpated
Green Parakeet	Aratinga  holochlora	1920	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Blue-crowned Parakeet	Aratinga  acuticaudata	1980s	Less than 10 years	Not Established, Present
Scarlet-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga  wagleri	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Mitred Parakeet	Aratinga  mitrata	1985	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Crimson-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga  finschi	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Red-masked Parakeet	Aratinga  erthogenys	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
White-eyed Parakeet	Aratinga  leucopthalmus	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Hispaniolan Parakeet	Aratinga  chloroptera	1975	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Peach-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga  aurea	1987	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Brown-throated Parakeet	Aratinga  pertinax	1970	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Dusky-headed Parakeet	Aratinga  weddellii	1984	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Orange-chinned Parakeet	Brotogeris  jugularis	1960s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-winged Parakeet	Brotogeris  versicolurus	1968	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet	Brotogeris  chiriri	1977	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Tui Parakeet	Brotogeris  sanctithomae	1970s		Unknown
Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo	Cacatua  galerita	1950s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Salmon-crested Cockatoo	Cacatua  moluccensis	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Tanimbar Cockatoo	Cacutua  goffini	1986	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
White Cockatoo	Cacutua  alba	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Burrowing Parrot	Cyanoliseus  patagonus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Eclectus Parrot	Eclectus  roratus	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Galah	Eolophus  roseicapillus	1960	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Red Lory	Eos  bornea	1980s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Chattering Lory	Lorius  garrulus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Budgerigar	Melopsittacus  undulatus	1930s	At least 10 years	Established
Monk Parakeet	Myiopsitta  monachus	1969	At least 10 years	Established
Black-hooded Parakeet	Nandayus  nenday	1969	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Cockatiel	Nymphicus  hollandicus	1960s	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Black-headed Parrot	Pionites  melanocephala	1993	Not reported breeding	Unknown
White-crowned Parrot	Pionus  senilis	1984	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Rueppell's Parrot	Poicephalus  rueppellii	1960s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Senegal Parrot	Poicephalus  senegalus	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Red-rumped Parrot	Psephotus  haemantonotus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Dusky Lory	Pseudeos  fuscata	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Malabar Parakeet	Psittacula  columboides	2000	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Moustached Parakeet	Psittacula  alexandri	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Plum-headed Parakeet	Psittacula  cyanocephala	1976	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Blossom-headed Parakeet	Psittacula  roseata	1984	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rose-ringed Parakeet	Psittacula  krameri	1930s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Alexandrine Parakeet	Psittacula  eupatria	1992	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Gray Parrot	Psittacus  erithacus	1984	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Green-cheeked Parakeet	Pyrrhura  molinae	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura  frontalis	1980s	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Maroon-fronted Parrot	Rhynchopsitta  terrisi	1985	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Rainbow Lorikeet	Trichoglossus  haematod	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Ornate Lorikeet	Trichoglossus  ornatus	1988	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Scaly-breasted Lorikeet	Trichoglossus  chlorolepidotus	1986	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Turacos
Violet Touraco	Musophaga  violacea	1988	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Schalow's Turaco	Turaco  schalowi	1992	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Owls
Spectacled Owl	Pulsatrix  perspicillata	1970	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Rollers, kingfishers and relatives
Wreathed Hornbill	Aceros  undulatus	1994	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill	Bucorvus  abyssinicus	1991	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Silvery-cheeked Hornbill	Ceratogymna  brevis	1994	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Ringed Kingfisher	Ceryle  torquata	1995	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Toco Toucan	Ramphastos  toco	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
African Gray Hornbill	Tockus  nasutus	1999	Not reported breeding	Not Established, Present
Woodpeckers, toucans and relatives
Citron-throated Toucan	Ramphastos  citreolaemus	1980s	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Keel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos  sulfuratus	1972	Not reported breeding	Unknown
Passerines or perching birds
Crested Myna	Acridotheres  cristatellus	1983	At least 10 years	Not Established, Present
Common Myna	Acridotheres  tristis	1983	At least 10